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For example, the ratio of combination of hydrogen and oxygen to form water molecule ( H 2 O) is 2:1 which is a whole number ratio.Ħ. Combination of atoms: Atoms of different elements combine in a whole number ratio to form compounds. For example, atoms of hydrogen and oxygen elements are different in all respects.ĥ. Atoms of different elements are different. For example, atoms of hydrogen element are identical in all respects. Atoms of similar elements and dissimilar elements: Atoms of a given element are identical in all respects – same mass, same size and same properties.
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Invincibility of atoms: Atoms can be neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction.Ĥ. Indivisibility of atoms: Atoms are indivisible. Composition of matter: Matter is made of very small particles called atoms.Ģ. The main postulates of this theory are as follows:ġ. In 1803, an English Chemist, John Dalton, put forward his Atomic Theory. They gave the name atomos (in Greek, atomos means indivisible) to these ultimate particles. They thought that on dividing a piece of a substance, one would ultimately get a particle that could not be divided any further. In the fifth century BC, the Greek philosophers Democritus and Leukiposs came up with a similar idea. (In Sanskrit, param means final or ultimate and anu means particle.) Kanad further said that two or more paramanus combine to form bigger particles. Matter is not continuous, and made up of tiny particles, named paramanus. Way back as the sixth century BC, the Indian philosopher Maharshi Kanad came forward with the following idea. Now, let us learn a little more about this idea that has brought about a revolution in science. In this chapter, we are going to explore atom and its constituents. Atoms and the study of atoms are a world unto themselves. They are the basis for everything in the Universe. In our earlier classes of chemical classification of matter, we have learnt that matter is made up of atoms and molecules.